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RESEARCH PAPER · Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry · 2023

Evaluating refractive index and birefringence of nonlinear optical crystals: Classical methods and new developments

Qi Shi, Lingyun Dong, Ying Wang

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Evaluating refractive index and birefringence of nonlinear optical crystals: Classical methods and new developmentsOriginalC 3 N 6 H 7 SO 3 NH 2 : non-π-conjugated tetrahedra decoupling π-conjugated groups achieving large optical anisotropy and wide band gap29Heteroanion-introduction-driven birefringence enhancement in oxychalcogenide Ba 3 M II Ge 3 O 2 S 8 (M II = Mn, Cd)19Stereochemically active lone-pair-driven giant enhancement of birefringence from three-dimensional CsZn 4 Ga 5 Se 12 to two-dimensional CsZnAsSe 319Cs 2 Mg(H 2 C 3 N 3 S 3 ) 4 ·8H 2 O: An Excellent Birefringent Material with Giant Optical Anisotropy in π-Conjugated Trithiocyanurate19Design of the Ionic Organic Nonlinear Optical Material NH 4 [LiC 3 H(CH 3 )O 4 ] with Ultrawide Band Gap and Moderate Birefringence79Design of the Ionic Organic Nonlinear Optical Material NH 4 [LiC 3 H(CH 3 )O 4 ] with Ultrawide Band Gap and Moderate Birefringence9Hg3(SeO3)2(SO4): A UV Nonlinear Optical Mercury Selenite Sulfate Constructed by Neat [Hg6O8(SeO3)4]∞ Layers and SO4 Tetrahedra27Introduction of the [B–O/F] Units Enhances the Band Gap and Birefringence from Na6Mg3B10O18F6 to K3NaB10O16F211A survey of stereoactive oxysalts for linear and nonlinear optical applications40Ba3.75MgB7O14F2.5: A Mixed Alkaline-Earth Metal Borate Fluoride with Short Ultraviolet Cutoff Edge and Large Birefringence9Halide-driven polarity tuning and optimized SHG-bandgap balance in (C 4 H 11 N 2 )ZnX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I)34Large second harmonic generation and birefringence from extended octupolar π-conjugated structures35Partial substitution with a significant effect: coexistence of a wide band gap and large birefringence in the oxychalcogenide AEGe 2 O 4 Se (AE = Sr and Ba)17矢量光在光泵磁强计中的研究及应用3Designing Optical Anisotropy: Silver-Aminoalkylpyridine Nitrate Complexes with Tunable Structures3Origins and characterization techniques of stress in SiC crystals: A review30Theoretically designed M@diaza[2.2.2]cryptand complexes: the role of non-covalent interactions in promoting NLO properties of organic electrides9Mechanosynthesis and microstructural characterization of F− and CO32− mono- and co-substituted hydroxyapatite5Achieving the Birefringence Optimization by Methyl Modulation in Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystals15From [Ba3S][GeS4] to [Ba3CO3][MS4] (M = Ge, Sn): Enhancing optical anisotropy in IR birefringent crystals via functional group implantation11[C(NH2)3]2S2O6: A SBBO-Like Dithionate Crystal with Large Optical Anisotropy14Highly stable and reversible birefringence switching triggered by thermally stimulated phase transition1Ultra‐High Optical Anisotropy with UV Transmission Achieved by Rational Arrangement of Extended π‐Conjugated Groups5Ultra‐High Optical Anisotropy with UV Transmission Achieved by Rational Arrangement of Extended π‐Conjugated Groups46Design and development of transparent vertical Bridgman system and growth of high quality 4-Chloro-3-Nitrobenzophenone single crystal for nonlinear optical applications3First-Principles High-Throughput Screening Combined with Experimental Synthesis to Find Vanadate Nonlinear Optical Material BiCa2VO64Bridging the Interlayer Binding to Ordered π‐Conjugated Units for Constructing High‐Performing Light Polarization Crystals8Bridging the Interlayer Binding to Ordered π‐Conjugated Units for Constructing High‐Performing Light Polarization Crystals48Achieving high symmetry and significant optical anisotropy in a hybrid metal halide25Impact of birefringence loss on quartz-based optical waveguides in the mid-infrared spectrum4AOTF-transmission grating slitless spectrometer for stellar target observation1Achieving the birefringence-bandgap trade-off: Hydrogen-bond engineered biuret-cyanurate14Low‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Metal Halide with Large Optical Anisotropy9Theoretical Insights into Alanine Maleate and Alanine Fumarate: NLO‐Active Single Crystals Stabilized by N─H Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding0High‐Throughput Discovery of Large Birefringence Materials in Mixed‐N Hf‐O Systems0Protonation‐Triggered Structural Transformations in 4‐Hydroxypyridinium Halides for Solar‐Blind UV Functional Crystals3Protonation‐Triggered Structural Transformations in 4‐Hydroxypyridinium Halides for Solar‐Blind UV Functional Crystals8Halogen‐Bond Coupled Halogenated‐π‐Conjugation Enables Giant Birefringence in Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks13Unit Symmetry‐Breaking and Layered Linear Ordering Enabling Superior Short‐Wave Ultraviolet Birefringent Crystal8Unit Symmetry‐Breaking and Layered Linear Ordering Enabling Superior Short‐Wave Ultraviolet Birefringent Crystal2A 3.6–3.9 μm Mid-IR OPO with low pulse-to-pulse fluctuation pumped by a 1064 nm pulsed laser based on pre-biased transverse voltage-boosted EO Q-switching and BC filtering0Lock‐and‐Key Assembly Enables Record Birefringence in Monocyclic π‐Conjugated Crystals via Spatial Confinement of Linear Polyhalide5Lock‐and‐Key Assembly Enables Record Birefringence in Monocyclic π‐Conjugated Crystals via Spatial Confinement of Linear Polyhalide0Refractive indices of Y 2 SiO 5 in the near-infrared0Machine learning prediction and experimental analysis of copper ion-doped potassium–thiourea complex crystals for optical limiting applications0

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  1. C 3 N 6 H 7 SO 3 NH 2 : non-π-conjugated tetrahedra decoupling π-conjugated groups achieving large optical anisotropy and wide band gap

    Materials Chemistry Frontiers · 2023-01-01

    Danyang Dou, Qi Shi, Yunjie Bai, Cheng Chen, Bingbing Zhang, Ying Wang

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  2. Heteroanion-introduction-driven birefringence enhancement in oxychalcogenide Ba 3 M II Ge 3 O 2 S 8 (M II = Mn, Cd)

    Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers · 2023-01-01

    Shenghua Zhou, Mao‐Yin Ran, Wenbo Wei, A-Yang Wang, Xin‐Tao Wu, Hua Lin, Qi‐Long Zhu

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  3. Stereochemically active lone-pair-driven giant enhancement of birefringence from three-dimensional CsZn 4 Ga 5 Se 12 to two-dimensional CsZnAsSe 3

    Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers · 2023-01-01

    Chao Zhang, Mao‐Yin Ran, Xin Chen, Shenghua Zhou, Hua Lin, Yi Liu

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  4. Cs 2 Mg(H 2 C 3 N 3 S 3 ) 4 ·8H 2 O: An Excellent Birefringent Material with Giant Optical Anisotropy in π-Conjugated Trithiocyanurate

    Inorganic Chemistry · 2023-05-11

    Xia Hao, Chensheng Lin, Min Luo, Yuqiao Zhou, Ning Ye, Enbo Shangguan

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  5. Design of the Ionic Organic Nonlinear Optical Material NH 4 [LiC 3 H(CH 3 )O 4 ] with Ultrawide Band Gap and Moderate Birefringence

    Angewandte Chemie International Edition · 2023-05-22

    Haotian Tian, Chensheng Lin, Yuqiao Zhou, Xin Lei Zhao, Huixin Fan, Tao Yan, Ning Ye, Min Luo

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  6. Design of the Ionic Organic Nonlinear Optical Material NH 4 [LiC 3 H(CH 3 )O 4 ] with Ultrawide Band Gap and Moderate Birefringence

    Angewandte Chemie · 2023-05-22

    Haotian Tian, Chensheng Lin, Yuqiao Zhou, Xin Lei Zhao, Huixin Fan, Tao Yan, Ning Ye, Min Luo

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  7. Hg3(SeO3)2(SO4): A UV Nonlinear Optical Mercury Selenite Sulfate Constructed by Neat [Hg6O8(SeO3)4]∞ Layers and SO4 Tetrahedra

    Inorganic Chemistry · 2023-05-31

    Jinxuan Ren, Yuqi Chen, Liying Ren, Yuqiao Zhou, Xuehua Dong, Daojiang Gao, Ling Huang, Liling Cao, Ning Ye

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  8. Introduction of the [B–O/F] Units Enhances the Band Gap and Birefringence from Na6Mg3B10O18F6 to K3NaB10O16F2

    Inorganic Chemistry · 2023-07-26

    Bingliang Cheng, Wenjuan Ma, Abudukadi Tudi, Changyou Liu, Xifa Long, Yun Mo Yang

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  9. A survey of stereoactive oxysalts for linear and nonlinear optical applications

    Materials Today Physics · 2023-08-12

    Pengfei Li, Jiang‐Gao Mao, Fang Kong

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  10. Ba3.75MgB7O14F2.5: A Mixed Alkaline-Earth Metal Borate Fluoride with Short Ultraviolet Cutoff Edge and Large Birefringence

    Inorganic Chemistry · 2023-09-08

    Yunjie Bai, Xinyue Wang, Hongbo Huang, Danyang Dou, Cheng Chen, Bingbing Zhang, Ying Wang

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  11. Halide-driven polarity tuning and optimized SHG-bandgap balance in (C 4 H 11 N 2 )ZnX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I)

    Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers · 2024-01-01

    Jin Chen, Huai-Yu Wu, Miao‐Bin Xu, Mingchang Wang, Qianqian Chen, Bingxuan Li, Chun‐Li Hu, Ke‐Zhao Du

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  12. Large second harmonic generation and birefringence from extended octupolar π-conjugated structures

    Chemical Science · 2024-01-01

    Danyang Dou, Bingbing Zhang, Daqing Yang, Ying Wang

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  13. Partial substitution with a significant effect: coexistence of a wide band gap and large birefringence in the oxychalcogenide AEGe 2 O 4 Se (AE = Sr and Ba)

    Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers · 2024-01-01

    Mao‐Yin Ran, Shenghua Zhou, Wenbo Wei, A-Yang Wang, Xin‐Tao Wu, Hua Lin, Qi‐Long Zhu

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  14. 矢量光在光泵磁强计中的研究及应用

    Chinese Journal of Lasers · 2024-01-01

    孟小勤 Meng Xiaoqin, 童叶 Tong Ye, 徐燕 Xu Yan, 柴真 Chai Zhen

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  15. Designing Optical Anisotropy: Silver-Aminoalkylpyridine Nitrate Complexes with Tunable Structures

    Inorganic Chemistry · 2024-01-23

    Myung‐Ho Choi, Yang Li, Kang Min Ok

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  16. Origins and characterization techniques of stress in SiC crystals: A review

    Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials · 2024-02-01

    Jiaqi Tian, Xuejian Xie, Laibin Zhao, Xinglong Wang, Xiufang Chen, Xianglong Yang, Yan Peng, Xiaomeng Li, Xiaobo Hu, Xiangang Xu

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  17. Theoretically designed M@diaza[2.2.2]cryptand complexes: the role of non-covalent interactions in promoting NLO properties of organic electrides

    Science and Technology of Advanced Materials · 2024-05-20

    Atazaz Ahsin, Aamna Qamar, Qing Lü, Wensheng Bian

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  18. Mechanosynthesis and microstructural characterization of F− and CO32− mono- and co-substituted hydroxyapatite

    Journal of Molecular Structure · 2024-05-30

    Bahman Nasiri‐Tabrizi, Wan Jeffrey Basirun, Chai Hong Yeong, Rashmi Walvekar, Siew Wei Phang

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  19. Achieving the Birefringence Optimization by Methyl Modulation in Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystals

    Advanced Optical Materials · 2024-09-19

    Dongling Yang, Hongyuan Sha, Zujian Wang, Rongbing Su, Chao He, Bin Su, Xiaoming Yang, Xifa Long

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  20. From [Ba3S][GeS4] to [Ba3CO3][MS4] (M = Ge, Sn): Enhancing optical anisotropy in IR birefringent crystals via functional group implantation

    Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry · 2024-10-24

    Yong‐Fang Shi, Shenghua Zhou, Zuju Ma, Xintao Wu, Hua Lin, Qi‐Long Zhu

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  21. [C(NH2)3]2S2O6: A SBBO-Like Dithionate Crystal with Large Optical Anisotropy

    Inorganic Chemistry · 2024-12-11

    Siyu Li, Danyang Dou, Cheng Chen, Qi Shi, Bingbing Zhang, Ying Wang

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  22. Highly stable and reversible birefringence switching triggered by thermally stimulated phase transition

    Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers · 2025-01-01

    Cheng Chen, Yunjie Bai, Qi Wu Shi, Mingye Han, Bingbing Zhang, Ying Wang

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  23. Ultra‐High Optical Anisotropy with UV Transmission Achieved by Rational Arrangement of Extended π‐Conjugated Groups

    Angewandte Chemie · 2025-03-25

    Danyang Dou, Chao Wei, Bingbing Zhang, Daqing Yang, Ying Wang

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  24. Ultra‐High Optical Anisotropy with UV Transmission Achieved by Rational Arrangement of Extended π‐Conjugated Groups

    Angewandte Chemie International Edition · 2025-03-25

    Danyang Dou, Chao Wei, Bingbing Zhang, Daqing Yang, Ying Wang

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  25. Design and development of transparent vertical Bridgman system and growth of high quality 4-Chloro-3-Nitrobenzophenone single crystal for nonlinear optical applications

    Journal of Crystal Growth · 2025-04-15

    Jithin Kuriakose, P. Karuppasamy, P. Ramasamy

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  26. First-Principles High-Throughput Screening Combined with Experimental Synthesis to Find Vanadate Nonlinear Optical Material BiCa2VO6

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  27. Bridging the Interlayer Binding to Ordered π‐Conjugated Units for Constructing High‐Performing Light Polarization Crystals

    Angewandte Chemie · 2025-04-24

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  28. Bridging the Interlayer Binding to Ordered π‐Conjugated Units for Constructing High‐Performing Light Polarization Crystals

    Angewandte Chemie International Edition · 2025-04-24

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  29. Achieving high symmetry and significant optical anisotropy in a hybrid metal halide

    Newton · 2025-05-01

    Weiqi Huang, Belal Ahmed, Yipeng Song, Xu Chen, Zhou Yang, Qian-Ting Xu, Kunpeng Wang, Yanqiang Li, Junhua Luo, Sangen Zhao

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  30. Impact of birefringence loss on quartz-based optical waveguides in the mid-infrared spectrum

    Optical and Quantum Electronics · 2025-05-15

    Zahraa Hummam, Hamid Vahed, Ali Pourziad

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  31. AOTF-transmission grating slitless spectrometer for stellar target observation

    Optics Express · 2025-07-18

    Xu Kong, Xin Fang, Tao Li, Jia Jia Liu, Hanshuang Li, Guochao Gu, Bo Li

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  32. Achieving the birefringence-bandgap trade-off: Hydrogen-bond engineered biuret-cyanurate

    Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry · 2025-07-29

    Ziqi Chen, Miriding Mutailipu

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  33. Low‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Metal Halide with Large Optical Anisotropy

    Advanced Optical Materials · 2025-08-05

    Siyu Li, Yakun Zhang, Dongxue Sun, Baoli Gao, Bingbing Zhang, Daqing Yang, Ying Wang

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  34. Theoretical Insights into Alanine Maleate and Alanine Fumarate: NLO‐Active Single Crystals Stabilized by N─H Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding

    Crystal Research and Technology · 2025-11-24

    Siva Kiruthiga K, Syed Mohamed A, M. A Sabitha

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  35. High‐Throughput Discovery of Large Birefringence Materials in Mixed‐N Hf‐O Systems

    European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry · 2025-12-11

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  36. Protonation‐Triggered Structural Transformations in 4‐Hydroxypyridinium Halides for Solar‐Blind UV Functional Crystals

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  37. Protonation‐Triggered Structural Transformations in 4‐Hydroxypyridinium Halides for Solar‐Blind UV Functional Crystals

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  38. Halogen‐Bond Coupled Halogenated‐π‐Conjugation Enables Giant Birefringence in Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks

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  39. Unit Symmetry‐Breaking and Layered Linear Ordering Enabling Superior Short‐Wave Ultraviolet Birefringent Crystal

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  40. Unit Symmetry‐Breaking and Layered Linear Ordering Enabling Superior Short‐Wave Ultraviolet Birefringent Crystal

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  41. A 3.6–3.9 μm Mid-IR OPO with low pulse-to-pulse fluctuation pumped by a 1064 nm pulsed laser based on pre-biased transverse voltage-boosted EO Q-switching and BC filtering

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  42. Lock‐and‐Key Assembly Enables Record Birefringence in Monocyclic π‐Conjugated Crystals via Spatial Confinement of Linear Polyhalide

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  43. Lock‐and‐Key Assembly Enables Record Birefringence in Monocyclic π‐Conjugated Crystals via Spatial Confinement of Linear Polyhalide

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  44. Refractive indices of Y 2 SiO 5 in the near-infrared

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  45. Machine learning prediction and experimental analysis of copper ion-doped potassium–thiourea complex crystals for optical limiting applications

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