RESEARCH ARTICLE · Analytical Chemistry · 2025

An Engineered Au-MXene Sorption Trap Enables Dual-Channel Ultrafast and Selective Detection of Trace Gaseous Elemental Mercury

Mingze Jiao, Jia Chen, Lulu Yang, Qinyuan Hong, Yiqi Feng, Wenjun Huang, Bing Pei, Qianxuan Zhang, Qingyan Fu, Zan Qu, Naiqiang Yan, Haomiao Xu

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Abstract

Accurate detection of trace atmospheric mercury is critical for toxicological assessment and environmental protection. However, achieving parts per billion-level sensitivity with high selectivity between gaseous elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) and oxidized mercury (Hg 2+ ) remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a novel dual-channel enrichment trap system that selectively captures Hg 0 by using a layered Au-MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) composite as the sorption trap. This composite demonstrates exceptional selectivity for Hg 0, with a selectivity ratio of up to 76.7 over Hg 2+, and achieves 99.7% ± 0.3% ( n = 3) sorption efficiency for ppb-level Hg 0 within 30 min at room temperature. Complete desorption is achieved in just 90 s at 300 °C, demonstrating a response time of 45 s for Hg 0 detection through the dual-electrothermal Hg 0 channel. The Au–Ti 3 C 2 T x preconcentration cartridge exhibits excellent moisture resistance, high-temperature stability, and long-term durability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the built-in electric field at the Au–Ti 3 C 2 T x interface accelerates electron transfer, reducing preconcentration and regeneration times. This technology integrates seamlessly with the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CVAAS) method to form a mercury dual-channel continuous emission measurement system (Hg DCEMS), ensuring highly selective and precise trace Hg 0 detection. This advancement provides a device for accurately measuring the Hg 0 concentration, enabling better mercury pollution control.

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