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RESEARCH PAPER · The European Physical Journal A · 2020

The $$^{229}$$Th isomer: prospects for a nuclear optical clock

Lars von der Wense, Benedict Seiferle

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The $^{229}$Th isomer: prospects for a nuclear optical clockOriginalToward a Tunable VUV Frequency Comb for 229mTh Nuclear Spectroscopy1Autoelectronic emission and charge relaxation of thorium ions implanted into a thin-film silicon oxide matrix0Extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs for precision metrology and attosecond science144Populating 229mTh via two-photon electronic bridge mechanism21Quantum technology for military applications3New opportunities for nuclear and atomic physics on the femto- to nanometer scale with ultra-high-intensity lasers21110 MW Thin-Disk Oscillator18A Tunable VUV Frequency Comb for 229mTh Nuclear Spectroscopy1Band Gap Calculations for Thorium‐Doped LiCAF7Tunable VUV frequency comb for 229m Th nuclear spectroscopy27Atlas of nuclear isomers—Second edition62Quasiclassical theory of Th229m excitation by laser pulses via electron bridges10Proton emission from halo nuclei induced by intense x-ray lasers5Scheme for the excitation of thorium-229 nuclei based on electronic bridge excitation17Trap-Induced ac Zeeman Shift of the Thorium-229 Nuclear Clock Frequency16Observation of the radiative decay of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer145Feasibility study of nuclear excitation by electron capture using an electron beam ion trap9Measurement of the Energy of the 8.3-eV 229Th Isomer Using the Photoelectric Effect1Quantum theory of isomeric excitation of Th229 in strong laser fields7Opportunities for fundamental physics research with radioactive molecules80Experimental apparatus for detection of radiative decay of $^{229}$Th isomer from Th-doped CaF$_2$4The thorium isomer $^{229m}$Th: review of status and perspectives after more than 50 years of research25Structures and Properties of High-Concentration Doped Th:CaF2 Single Crystals for Solid-State Nuclear Clock Materials10Feasibility and potential of a thorium-doped barium-lithium-fluoride single crystal as a candidate for solid-state nuclear optical clock material8Laser spectroscopy of triply charged 229Th isomer for a nuclear clock61Efficient Gas Ion Source with Space Charge0Feasibility of probing the NEEC process using storage rings3Efficient production of Th 229 m via nuclear excitation by electron capture11Simulation of nuclear isomer production in laser-induced plasma6Frequency ratio of the 229mTh nuclear isomeric transition and the 87Sr atomic clock194Nouvelles références en énergie X et gamma inférieures à 100 keV établies à l'aide de calorimètres magnétiques ultra haute résolution0Laser assisted two-photon electron-nucleus resonance as applied to producing the Th 229 m isomer7229ThF4 thin films for solid-state nuclear clocks51Isomer production by multiphoton excitation2Towards a VUV Cw Laser Light Source0Sensitivity of nuclear clocks to new physics10Towards the time-resolved spectroscopy of photoinduced electron dynamics in nuclear transitions1Microscopic nuclear structure study of 229 Th by projected shell model1Theoretical evaluation of decay mode of Th 229 m in solid samples0Octupole correlations of the K π = 5/2 + ground-state band in 229 Th1X-Ray-Induced Quenching of the Th 229 Clock Isomer in CaF 25Progresses on Th-doped materials for solid-state nuclear clock3Steps towards a 229 Th ionic nuclear clock in a linear ion trap1Progress toward power scaling for a 148 nm continuous-wave laser for 229Th nuclear clock via quasi-phase matching0Frequency reproducibility of solid-state thorium-229 nuclear clocks13Numerical optimization of the production of Kr nuclear isomer in laser–cluster interaction1Lifetime of the singly charged 229Th nuclear isomer4Th:SBO single crystal: A multifunction material for solid-state nuclear optical clocks0Thorium-229 lifetime locked down1Ultralight scalar dark matter with off-diagonal flavor couplings0Preparation and characterisation of 239Pu and 240Pu thin films as sources for 235mU and 236U recoil ions0The 229 Th isomer: Nuclear structure, clocks, and tests of fundamental physics0Advances in laser-assisted nuclear decay and nuclear excitation0Generation of continuous-wave laser light at 148.4 nm using cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation in BaMgF 40Long-time energy oscillation between electron shell and nucleus in Th 229 ions and coherent electron bridge for a nuclear quantum battery0

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  1. Toward a Tunable VUV Frequency Comb for 229mTh Nuclear Spectroscopy

    Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · 2021-01-01

    Chuankun Zhang, Peng Li, Jie Jiang, Lars von der Wense, Martin E. Fermann, Jun Ye

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  2. Autoelectronic emission and charge relaxation of thorium ions implanted into a thin-film silicon oxide matrix

    Laser Physics Letters · 2021-01-13

    Peter V. Borisyuk, Elena V. Chubunova, N. Kolachevsky, Yu. Yu. Lebedinskiǐ, Evgenii V. Tkalya, О. S. Vasilyev, Valery P. Yakovlev

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  3. Extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs for precision metrology and attosecond science

    Nature Photonics · 2021-01-28

    Ioachim Pupeza, Chuankun Zhang, Maximilian Högner, Jun Ye

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  4. Populating 229mTh via two-photon electronic bridge mechanism

    Nuclear Science and Techniques · 2021-06-01

    Neng-Qiang Cai, Guoqiang Zhang, Changbo Fu, Y. G.

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  5. Quantum technology for military applications

    EPJ Quantum Technology · 2021-11-06

    M. Krelina

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  6. New opportunities for nuclear and atomic physics on the femto- to nanometer scale with ultra-high-intensity lasers

    Matter and Radiation at Extremes · 2021-12-27

    Changbo Fu, Guoqiang Zhang, Y. G.

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  7. 110 MW Thin-Disk Oscillator

    EPJ Web of Conferences · 2022-01-01

    Semyon Goncharov, Kilian Fritsch, Oleg Pronin

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  8. A Tunable VUV Frequency Comb for 229mTh Nuclear Spectroscopy

    Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · 2022-01-01

    Chuankun Zhang, Peng Li, Jie Jiang, Lars von der Wense, Martin E. Fermann, Jun Ye

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  9. Band Gap Calculations for Thorium‐Doped LiCAF

    Advanced Theory and Simulations · 2022-08-18

    Martin Pimon, P. Mohn, Thorsten Schumm

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  10. Tunable VUV frequency comb for 229m Th nuclear spectroscopy

    Optics Letters · 2022-10-10

    Chuankun Zhang, Peng Li, Jie Jiang, Lars von der Wense, John Doyle, Martin E. Fermann, Jun Ye

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  11. Atlas of nuclear isomers—Second edition

    Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables · 2022-11-25

    Swati Garg, Bhoomika Maheshwari, Balraj Singh, Yang Ren Sun, Alpana Goel, Ashok Kumar Jain

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  12. Quasiclassical theory of Th229m excitation by laser pulses via electron bridges

    Physical Review C · 2022-12-21

    A. Ya. Dzyublik

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  13. Proton emission from halo nuclei induced by intense x-ray lasers

    Physical Review C · 2022-12-23

    Binbing Wu, Jie Liu

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  14. Scheme for the excitation of thorium-229 nuclei based on electronic bridge excitation

    Nuclear Science and Techniques · 2023-02-01

    Lin Li, Zi Li, Chen Wang, Wen-Ting Gan, Xia Hua, Xin Tong

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  15. Trap-Induced ac Zeeman Shift of the Thorium-229 Nuclear Clock Frequency

    Physical Review Letters · 2023-03-08

    K. Beloy

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  16. Observation of the radiative decay of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer

    Nature · 2023-05-24

    Sandro Kraemer, Janni Moens, M. Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, S. Bara, Kjeld Beeks, Premaditya Chhetri, K. Chrysalidis, Arno Claessens, T. E. Cocolios, J. G. Correia, Hilde De Witte, R. Ferrer, S. Geldhof, Reinhard Heinke, Niyusha Hosseini, Mark Huyse, U. Köster, Yuri Kudryavtsev, M. Laatiaoui, R. Lică, Goele Magchiels, V. Manea, Clément Merckling, L. M. C. Pereira, S. Raeder, Thorsten Schumm, S. Sels, P. G. Thirolf, S.M. Tunhuma, Paul Van den Bergh, Piet Van Duppen, A. Vantomme, M. Verlinde, Renán Villarreal, Ulrich Wahl

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  17. Feasibility study of nuclear excitation by electron capture using an electron beam ion trap

    Frontiers in Physics · 2023-07-28

    Yumiao Wang, Zhiguo Ma, Yi Yang, Changbo Fu, W. He, Y. G.

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  18. Measurement of the Energy of the 8.3-eV 229Th Isomer Using the Photoelectric Effect

    Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters · 2023-10-01

    F. F. Karpeshin

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  19. Quantum theory of isomeric excitation of Th229 in strong laser fields

    Physical Review Research · 2023-12-12

    Wu Wang, Xu Wang

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  20. Opportunities for fundamental physics research with radioactive molecules

    Reports on Progress in Physics · 2024-01-12

    Gordon Arrowsmith-Kron, M. Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis, Mia Au, J. Ballof, Robert Berger, Anastasia Borschevsky, Alexander A. Breier, Fritz Buchinger, Dmitry Budker, Luke Caldwell, Christopher Charles, Nike Dattani, R. P. de Groote, David P. DeMille, T. Dickel, J. Dobaczewski, Ch. E. Düllmann, Ephraim Eliav, J. Engel, Mingyu Fan, V. V. Flambaum, K. T. Flanagan, Alyssa Gaiser, R. F. García Ruíz, Konstantin Gaul, Thomas F. Giesen, J. S. M. Ginges, A. Gottberg, G. Gwinner, Reinhard Heinke, Steven Hoekstra, J. D. Holt, Nicholas R. Hutzler, Andrew M. Jayich, J. Karthein, K. G. Leach, Kirk W. Madison, S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, T. Miyagi, Iain D. Moore, Scott B. Moroch, P. Navrátil, Witold Nazarewicz, G. Neyens, Eric B. Norrgard, Nicholas Nusgart, Lukáš Félix Pašteka, Alexander N. Petrov, W. R. Plaß, Roy Ready, Moritz Pascal Reiter, M. Reponen, S. Rothe, Marianna S. Safronova, Christoph Scheidenberger, Andrea Shindler, Jaideep Taggart Singh, Leonid V. Skripnikov, А. В. Титов, Silviu‐Marian Udrescu, Shane G. Wilkins, X. F. Yang

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  21. Experimental apparatus for detection of radiative decay of $$^{229}$$Th isomer from Th-doped CaF$$_2$$

    Interactions · 2024-01-30

    T. Hiraki, Kjeld Beeks, Michael Bartokos, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Yuta Fukunaga, Hiromitsu Haba, Y. Kasamatsu, Shinji Kitao, Adrian Leitner, Takahiko Masuda, Ming Guan, Nobumoto Nagasawa, Ryoichiro Ogake, Koichi Okai, Martin Pimon, Martin Pressler, N. Sasao, Fabian Schaden, Thorsten Schumm, Makoto Seto, Yudai Shigekawa, Koutaro Shimizu, Tomáš Šikorský, Kenji Tamasaku, Sayuri Takatori, Tsukasa Watanabe, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Yoshitaka Yoda, A. Yoshimi, K. Yoshimura

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  22. The thorium isomer $$^{229m}$$Th: review of status and perspectives after more than 50 years of research

    The European Physical Journal Special Topics · 2024-01-31

    P. G. Thirolf, Sandro Kraemer, Daniel Moritz, Kevin Scharl

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  23. Structures and Properties of High-Concentration Doped Th:CaF2 Single Crystals for Solid-State Nuclear Clock Materials

    Inorganic Chemistry · 2024-02-12

    Qiaorui Gong, Siliang Tao, Chengchun Zhao, Yin Hang, Shining N. Zhu, Long-Sheng Ma

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  24. Feasibility and potential of a thorium-doped barium-lithium-fluoride single crystal as a candidate for solid-state nuclear optical clock material

    Physical Review A · 2024-03-15

    Qiaorui Gong, Siliang Tao, Shanming Li, Guoliang Deng, Chengchun Zhao, Hang Yin

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  25. Laser spectroscopy of triply charged 229Th isomer for a nuclear clock

    Nature · 2024-04-17

    Atsushi Yamaguchi, Yudai Shigekawa, Hiromitsu Haba, H. Kikunaga, Kenji Shirasaki, M. Wada, Hidetoshi Katori

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  26. Efficient Gas Ion Source with Space Charge

    Instruments and Experimental Techniques · 2024-06-01

    Yu. I. Gusev, Yu. V. Nechiporenko, Yu. N. Novikov, Andrei V. Popov, Dmitry E. Sosnov

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  27. Feasibility of probing the NEEC process using storage rings

    Frontiers in Physics · 2024-07-15

    Yi Yang, Yumiao Wang, Zhiguo Ma, Changbo Fu, W. He, Y. G.

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  28. Efficient production of Th 229 m via nuclear excitation by electron capture

    Physical Review C · 2024-07-29

    Jingyan Zhao, Adriana Pálffy, Christoph H. Keitel, Yuanbin Wu

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  29. Simulation of nuclear isomer production in laser-induced plasma

    Matter and Radiation at Extremes · 2024-08-08

    Zhiguo Ma, Yumiao Wang, Yi Yang, Youjing Wang, Kai Zhao, Yixin Li, Changbo Fu, W. He, Y. G.

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  30. Frequency ratio of the 229mTh nuclear isomeric transition and the 87Sr atomic clock

    Nature · 2024-09-04

    Chuankun Zhang, Tian Ooi, Jacob S. Higgins, Jack F. Doyle, Lars von der Wense, Kjeld Beeks, Adrian Leitner, Georgy A. Kazakov, Peng Li, P. G. Thirolf, Thorsten Schumm, Jun Ye

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  31. Nouvelles références en énergie X et gamma inférieures à 100 keV établies à l'aide de calorimètres magnétiques ultra haute résolution

    Unknown journal · 2024-11-08

    Mostafa Lokman Zahir

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  32. Laser assisted two-photon electron-nucleus resonance as applied to producing the Th 229 m isomer

    Physical Review C · 2024-11-12

    F. F. Karpeshin

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  33. 229ThF4 thin films for solid-state nuclear clocks

    Nature · 2024-12-18

    Chuankun Zhang, Lars von der Wense, Jack F. Doyle, Jacob S. Higgins, Tian Ooi, Hans U. Friebel, Jun Ye, R. Elwell, James E. S. Terhune, Harry W. T. Morgan, Anastassia N. Alexandrova, H. B. Tran Tan, Andrei Derevianko, Eric R. Hudson

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  34. Isomer production by multiphoton excitation

    Physical Review C · 2025-05-20

    Weitao Liu, Yuanbin Wu

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  35. Towards a VUV Cw Laser Light Source

    Unknown journal · 2025-06-23

    Simon J. Herr, Hiroki Tanaka, Anna-Rosa Waidhas, Gaetano Bonetti, Milena Hugenschmidt, Matthias Bickermann, Frank Kühnemann

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  36. Sensitivity of nuclear clocks to new physics

    Physical Review C · 2025-08-08

    Andrea Caputo, Doron Gazit, H.‐W. Hammer, Joachim Kopp, Gil Paz, Gilad Pérez, Konstantin Springmann

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  37. Towards the time-resolved spectroscopy of photoinduced electron dynamics in nuclear transitions

    Physical Review A · 2025-08-19

    Marc Seitz, Francesca Calegari, P. G. Thirolf, Andrea Trabattoni

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  38. Microscopic nuclear structure study of 229 Th by projected shell model

    Physics Letters B · 2025-09-03

    Zi-Rui Chen, Long-Jun Wang, Yuanbin Wu

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  39. Theoretical evaluation of decay mode of Th 229 m in solid samples

    Physical Review Research · 2025-10-03

    R. Masuda, Tomoya Naito, Masashi Kaneko, Hiroyuki Kazama, So Hashiba, Kosuke Misawa, Y. Kasamatsu

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  40. Octupole correlations of the K π = 5/2 + ground-state band in 229 Th

    Chinese Physics B · 2025-10-16

    Y. Wang, P. W. Zhao

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  41. X-Ray-Induced Quenching of the Th 229 Clock Isomer in CaF 2

    Physical Review Letters · 2025-10-27

    Ming Guan, Michael Bartokos, Kjeld Beeks, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Yuta Fukunaga, Hiromitsu Haba, Takahiro Hiraki, Yoshitaka Kasamatsu, Shinji Kitao, Adrian Leitner, Takahiko Masuda, Nobumoto Nagasawa, Koichi Okai, Ryoichiro Ogake, Martin Pimon, Martin Pressler, N. Sasao, Fabian Schaden, Thorsten Schumm, Makoto Seto, Yudai Shigekawa, Kotaro Shimizu, Tomas Sikorsky, Kenji Tamasaku, Sayuri Takatori, Tsukasa Watanabe, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Yoshitaka Yoda, Akihiro Yoshimi, Koji Yoshimura

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  42. Progresses on Th-doped materials for solid-state nuclear clock

    Chinese Physics B · 2025-11-19

    Cheng-Chun 呈春 Zhao 赵, Lin 琳 Li 李, Shan-Ming 善明 Li 李, Qiao-Rui 巧瑞 Gong 龚, Pei-Xiong 沛雄 Zhang 张, Yin 寅 Hang 杭, Long-Sheng 龙生 Ma 马, Shi-Ning 世宁 Zhu 祝

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  43. Steps towards a 229 Th ionic nuclear clock in a linear ion trap

    Chinese Physics B · 2025-12-30

    Wen-Ting Gan, Zi Li, Chen Wang, Xia Hua, Xin Tong

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  44. Progress toward power scaling for a 148 nm continuous-wave laser for 229Th nuclear clock via quasi-phase matching

    Unknown journal · 2026-01-01

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  45. Frequency reproducibility of solid-state thorium-229 nuclear clocks

    Nature · 2026-01-28

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  46. Numerical optimization of the production of Kr nuclear isomer in laser–cluster interaction

    Physics of Plasmas · 2026-03-01

    M. V. Sedov, J. Feng, Liming Chen, Igor Yu. Skobelev

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  47. Lifetime of the singly charged 229Th nuclear isomer

    Nature Physics · 2026-04-14

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  48. Th:SBO single crystal: A multifunction material for solid-state nuclear optical clocks

    Physical Review A · 2026-05-13

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  49. Thorium-229 lifetime locked down

    Nature Physics · 2026-05-29

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  50. Ultralight scalar dark matter with off-diagonal flavor couplings

    Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2026-06-29

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