RESEARCH ARTICLE · Molecular Biology and Evolution · 2011

An X-Linked Haplotype of Neandertal Origin Is Present Among All Non-African Populations

Vania Yotova, J.-F. Lefebvre, Claudia Moreau, Elias Gbeha, Kristine Hovhannesyan, Stéphane Bourgeois, Sandra Bédarida, Luı́sa Azevedo, António Amorim, Tamara Sarkisian, Patrice Hodonou Avogbe, Nicodème Chabi, Mamoudou H. Dicko, E. S. Kou' Santa Amouzou, Ambaliou Sanni, June Roberts-Thomson, B. Boettcher, Rodney John Scott, Damian Labuda

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Abstract

Recent work on the Neandertal genome has raised the possibility of admixture between Neandertals and the expanding population of Homo sapiens who left Africa between 80 and 50 Kya (thousand years ago) to colonize the rest of the world. Here, we provide evidence of a notable presence (9% overall) of a Neandertal-derived X chromosome segment among all contemporary human populations outside Africa. Our analysis of 6,092 X-chromosomes from all inhabited continents supports earlier contentions that a mosaic of lineages of different time depths and different geographic provenance could have contributed to the genetic constitution of modern humans. It indicates a very early admixture between expanding African migrants and Neandertals prior to or very early on the route of the out-of-Africa expansion that led to the successful colonization of the planet.

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